“…the property of the people.” — Cicero, De Re Publica
15.4% of receipts from PACs — clean under the 15% cap (rounded), and no corporate leadership PAC. (FEC 2026)
60
2Free & Fair Electionscritical
82%★ earned
“The ballot is stronger than the bullet.” — Abraham Lincoln
No 2020 election denial, no fake-elector role, and no documented support for partisan gerrymandering. (Jan 6 roll call; OpenSecrets; redistricting record)
60
3The Dignity of the Opponent
67%★ earned
“Treat humanity … always as an end and never as a means only.” — Kant
No significant dehumanizing rhetoric toward opponents documented in his record as Florida CFO or in his 2025 House campaign.
60
4Fear Is Not Fuel
63%★ earned
“…the better angels of our nature.” — Lincoln, First Inaugural
Ran a conventional GOP campaign to succeed Gaetz; limited affirmative-vs-grievance record as a new member.
60
5Truth & a Kept Word
64%★ earned
“…living within the truth.” A representative owes “his judgment.” — Havel · Burke
Denied that donations motivated regulator firings; disputes unresolved, but no formal falsehood finding on the public record.
60
6Against the Spirit of Party
40%☆ not yet
“The baneful effects of the spirit of party.” — Washington, Farewell Address
Party-line loyalist who promoted up to $5M in Florida taxpayer funds for Trump's legal bills; no independence at cost.
60
7Morality
48%☆ not yet
“The time is always right to do what is right.” — Martin Luther King Jr.
Documented pay-to-play controversies as CFO: 2019 Rubin lawsuit alleging a $1M donation scheme, $150K harassment settlement, Simple Health donations.
60
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Scores are Independent 2026’s own editorial read against the Seven Articles — ≥60% earns the star. The first two Articles are critical: fail Open Books or Free & Fair Elections and there is no seal, whatever else holds. Each Article carries its founding quote as the yardstick. On bias →