INDEPENDENT2026

📚 Summer School · The Reading Room

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1865–1870 · Amendments

The 13th, 14th & 15th Amendments

Ending slavery, and promising everyone counts the same.

The first page of the Emancipation Proclamation, which began the end of slavery.
The real thing · The Emancipation Proclamation (1863), National Archives. Public domain.
Remember this

Freedom, equal treatment, and the vote — for everyone.

✏️Broken chains falling away from open hands, sunrise behind.
Illustration

For a long, sad time, some people in America were held as slaves. It was very wrong. The 13th change to the rulebook ended slavery forever.

✏️A big pair of scales perfectly balanced, with different kinds of people on each side, all level.
Illustration

The 14th said every person born here is a citizen, and the law must treat everyone equally. No one is above you, and you are above no one.

✏️A line of grown-ups of every color dropping ballots into a box, kids watching proudly.
Illustration

The 15th said you cannot be stopped from voting because of the color of your skin. Your voice counts the same as anyone’s.

✏️A road stretching to the horizon with footprints, some faded, some fresh, still walking.
Illustration

The promises were written down — but keeping them took many, many years and brave people. That work is still going.